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When this is the case multilayer boards are required. This occurs quite commonly when dense microprocessor and other similar boards are being designed. With the complexity of electronic circuits increasing, it is not always possible to provide all the connectivity that is required using just the two sides of the PCB. This form of PCB manufacture is not suitable for large quantity but it is an ideal option in many instances where very small quantities of a PCB prototype quantities are needed.Īnother method that is sometimes used for a PCB prototype is to print etch resistant inks onto the PCB using a silk screening process. The control is obviously automated and driven from files generated by the PCB design software. The machine is then controlled to mill away the copper in those areas where the copper is not required. One is to use a specialised highly accurate milling machine. If the printed circuit boards are placed in the etch for too long, then some definition is lost as the ferric chloride will tend to undercut the photo-resist.Īlthough most PCB boards are manufacturing using photographic processing, other methods are also available. Knowing the concentration of the ferric chloride and the thickness of the copper on the board, it is placed into the etch froth e required amount of time. The next stage in the process is to place the printed circuit boards into the ferric chloride to etch the areas where no track or copper is required. With this complete, the photo-resist is placed in a developer so that only those areas of the board where tracks are needed are covered in the resist. In this way the image of the tracks is passed onto the photo-resist. It is then exposed to light through a photographic film or photo-mask detailing the tracks required. Typically the copper on the bare printed circuit boards is covered with a thin layer of photo-resist. In order to gain the correct pattern of tracks, a photographic process is used.
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The most common form of etch used with PCBs is ferric chloride.
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The manufacture of the PCBs is normally achieved using a chemical etching process. With the bare PCB boards chosen and available the next step is to create the required tracks on the board and remove the unwanted copper. This bonding is normally very good for FR4, but the very nature of PTFE makes this more difficult, and this adds difficulty to the processing of PTFE PCBs. This copper cladding consists of a thin layer of copper sheet bonded to the board. This consists of the substrate material, typically FR4, with copper cladding normally on both sides. In order to make a PCB with tracks for the components, copper clad board is first obtained. For high performance radio frequency designs where the dielectric constant of the substrate is important, and low levels of loss are needed, then PTFE based printed circuit boards can be used, although they are far more difficult to work with. Other cheaper materials are available for the PCBs in low cost commercial products. This provides a reasonable degree of stability under temperature variation and is does not breakdown badly, while not being excessively expensive. The most widely used in a form of glass fibre based board known as FR4. Printed circuit boards, PCBs, can be made from a variety of substances. Despite the many small variations, the main stages in the PCB manufacturing process are the same. The PCB manufacturing process can be achieved in a variety of ways and there are a number of variants. Track sizes are decreasing, the numbers of layers in the boards is increasing to accommodate for the increased connectivity required, and the design rules are being improved to ensure that smaller SMT devices can be handled and the soldering processes used in production can be accommodated. Nevertheless technology in this area of electronics is moving forward. Accordingly virtually all circuits use printed circuit boards and they are designed and used in quantities of millions.Īlthough PCBs form the basis of virtually all electronic circuits today, they tend to be taken for granted. Printed circuit boards are used to provide the mechanical basis on which the circuit can be built. Printed circuit boards, PCBs, are very widely used as the basis for electronic circuits. The PCB manufacturing process is very important for anyone involved in the electronics industry.
#What is pcb how to#
PCB manufacture basics How to choose the right PCB manufacturer
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PCB Manufacturing Process: how are PCBs made The process by which the bare printed circuit boards, PCBs used in electronic products is evey bit as important as the assembling with components.